Cusco History
The true origins of Cusco have been lost to the phenomenon of time, but it has been proved through archaeological excavations that a primitive culture inhabited the Cusco valley. Though mysterious, these primitive cultures are believed to influence the architecture of Inca buildings, specifically the temple of Qoricancha.
The capital of the Inca Empire, Cusco was believed to be planned in the shape of a Puma, dividing the city into four sections that would all intersect at the heart of Incan civilization, Cusco. According to Inca legend, Sapa Inca Pachacuti, is the man responsible for the building of the city, and even more importantly, the transformation of Cusco from a quiet lethargic city-state to a vast powerful empire known as the Tahuantinsuyu. The Empire would remain powerful with Cusco as one of the strongest Pre-Columbian cities in the Americas.
At the time of Spanish arrival in 1533, Cusco was a city of remarkable stone structure, marveled by all those who encountered it. When the Spanish arrived, a clash between the indigenous Incas and the eagerly adventurous Spaniards quickly ensured. Spanish leader Francisco Pizarro ordered the murder of Inca King and began its rebuilding of the Inca capital.
Spanish Cusco was very heavily influenced by the architecture of the past Incas, which is reflected in the style and architecture of many of the buildings that can be seen today. Under Spanish leadership, Cusco transformed to look more like a Catholic European city, but retained its indigenous roots. Palaces, churches, and universities were built right on top of old Inca temples and structures.
Despite two earthquakes, Cusco still remains a sight of pure beauty. Although Pizarro and the Spanish destroyed the original Inca city, the remains are priceless. The stone buildings today still amaze visitors as they seem to fit directly inside one another, displaying an art form at is best.
Although modernity and the past clashed heavily, the population and architecture of Cusco reflects a mix of Spanish and Andean culture that provides pure beauty. This new mestizo culture displays a people who carry deep pride in their cultural traditions while simultaneously accepting the moves of modernity and the influx of visitors. A rich cultural history, a traditional but urban city, and a beautiful landscape explain why Cusco has become the most visited city in Peru.
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